Life Term Strategies

1. Huge Gains in Long Term
- Receive significant capital gains
- by investing in corporations
- (with wide economic moat & average peers’ net margin)
- In very very long term

2. Strong Periodic Cash Flow
- Maintain self-sufficient monthly cash flow
- Through dividend, gains on derivative & short term trading
- For re-investment to item # 1 mentioned above

3. Mind for Risk Management
- Ensure strong cash position
- Maintain low risk by continue monitor, analyze & feel:
economic trend & environment,
market condition & investors emotion
corporate performance & outlook
asset allocation & direction

4. Be a holy Christian investor:
- Invest in wisdom & varies ways, but consistent & not over nor under of what the Holy Bible expects a Jesus follower should be
- Keep regular & long term spiritual growth
Continue experience God @ finance market
Aim for life transform opportunities
- Even though it may not teach Billy & Bilibala what stocks to invest nor how to make more, more & more $
Showing posts with label Sector-Real Estate. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Sector-Real Estate. Show all posts

12.23.2010

Top holding in Asia/Europe 12/23/10

1. China Mobile (0941/CHL) HK$96.4 BUY
2. China Life (2628/LFC) HK$41.1=> HK$43.34 BUY => STRONG BUY
3. China Construction Bank (0939) HK$8.97 BUY
4. Total SA (TOT) US$61.64 BUY
5. Siu On Land (0272) HK$7.4=>HK$6.73 STRONG BUY


  • China Life Share price fall mainly due to China stock market, however, premium up 19% in 2010, market shares kept at around 40%, new business value remain highly profitable, interest rate trend is favorable to China Life.
  • There are potential 1-2% interest rate rise in China next year, therefore, I’ve readjusted China Life & Shiu On Land’s NPV to reflect such impact.

12.10.2010

Top holding in Asia/Europe 12/10/10

Asia / Europe
1. China Mobile (0941/CHL) HK$96.4 BUY
2. China Life (2628/LFC) HK$41.1 BUY
3. China Construction Bank (0939) HK$8.97 BUY
4. Total SA (TOT) US$61.64 BUY
5. Siu On Land (0272) HK$7.4 STRONG BUY

Potential government intervention on real estate market and credit market makes the equity market looks flat compare to North America. On the other hand, I think those policies will keep the market stay healthy instead of “too hot”

3.10.2010

http://www.stockhouse.com/News/FinancialNewsDetailFeeds.aspx?n=13216990&src=cp

TORONTO - Brookfield Asset Management Inc. (TSX:BAM.A) announced a plan Wednesday to sell part of its stake in wood panel maker Norbord Inc. (TSX:NBD) in a secondary offering worth about $150 million.

Brookfield said it will reduce its stake from 73 per cent to about 53 per cent after the sale of the shares.

Norbord will not receive any cash from the offering.

Under the deal, a syndicate led by TD Securities and RBC Capital markets have agreed to buy nine million shares of Norboard for $16.70 per share.

Norbord shares, which were halted pending the announcement, were down 18 cents at $17.66 on the Toronto Stock Exchange on Wednesday.

A Brookfield subsidiary is selling 8.68 million shares, while 320,000 shares will be offered by management of the corporation including Norboard president and chief executive Barrie Shineton and chief financial officer Robin Lampard.

The underwriters have also been granted an over-allotment option for up to an additional 900,000 shares held by the Brookfield subsidiary.

Norbord is one of the world's largest producers of oriented strand board and also makes particleboard, medium density fibreboard, plywood and other products.

Brookfield, which had been the largest minority shareholder in Norbord, stepped up last year stepped up with $144 million to back stop and take control of the struggling company.

10.30.2009

Brookfield Properties 3q09 press release

NEW YORK--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Oct. 29, 2009-- Brookfield Properties Corporation (BPO: NYSE, TSX) today announced that net income for the three months ended September 30, 2009 was $38 million or $0.08 per diluted share, compared with $174 million or $0.44 per diluted share during the same period in 2008. Included in net income in 2008 was a net gain of $127 million, or $0.32 per share, on the sale of TD Canada Trust Tower in Toronto.

Funds from operations (“FFO”) was $151 million or $0.34 per diluted share for the three months ended September 30, 2009, compared with $152 million or $0.38 per diluted share during the same period in 2008. Commercial property net operating income for the third quarter of 2009 was $330 million, compared with $320 million during the third quarter of 2008.

During the third quarter, Brookfield Properties leased 693,000 square feet of space in its anaged portfolio at an average net rent of $25 per square foot, which represents a 25% improvement versus the average expiring net rent of $20 on this space in the quarter. Additionally, the company has improved its five-year lease rollover exposure by 330 basis points since the start of the year. Year-todate leasing totals 3.2 million square feet. Brookfield’s managed portfolio occupancy rate finished the quarter at 95.0%, unchanged from the previous quarter.

=> FFO in line with Analysts' expectation. Real estate market in North America starts to pick up, with fairly heathy cash position after new share & bond issued and high occupancy rate of 95%, Bilibala think Brookfield will benefit from the economy recover.

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE THIRD QUARTER
Leased 693,000 square feet of space and completed 63,000 square feet of development leasing. Renewals represent 74% of the total with new leases representing the remainder. Third quarter leasing highlights include:

Toronto – 211,000 square feet
􀁺 A 144,000-square-foot lease extension with the Department of Justice at Exchange Tower
Washington, DC – 154,000 square feet
􀁺 A five-year, 98,000-square-foot lease renewal with the General Services Administration at Two Ballston Plaza
􀁺 A new 11-year, 63,000-square-foot lease with LaFarge North America at Two Reston Crescent
􀁺 A new five-year, 45,000-square-foot lease with the General Services Administration at 1550
Wilson Blvd

Edmonton – 102,000 square feet
􀁺 A five-year, 57,000-square-foot lease renewal with CGI at Canadian Western Bank Place
􀁺 A ten-year renewal and expansion for 39,000 square feet with Witten Management at

Canadian Western Bank Place
New York – 63,000 square feet
􀁺 A new 15-year lease for 31,000 square feet with Advent Software at the Grace building
􀁺 A new 14-year lease for 26,000 square feet with Zolfo Cooper at the Grace building

Launched $5 billion real estate turnaround consortium with Brookfield Asset Management. Dedicated to investing in underperforming real estate, the consortium will invest in equity and debt in under-valued real estate companies or real estate portfolios where value can be created in a variety of ways, including financial and operational restructuring, strategic direction or sponsorship, portfolio repositioning, redevelopment or other active asset management. Brookfield Properties has the right, but not the obligation, to participate in investments in the office sector.

Raised $1.3 billion in common share equity offering and preferred share issuance. Gross proceeds from the equity offering totaled $1.0 billion and proceeds from the preferred share issuance totaled $288 million. A portion of the proceeds were used to pay down the committed revolving lines of credit at the company level and within the residential operations. Liquidity currently stands at $1.7 billion including cash, deposits and available credit.

Refinanced or extended $205 million of debt, including $105 million on the West 31st Street development site in New York and the $100 million corporate term loan. The company has completed 95% of $1 billion of financings due in 2009.

Opened Bay Adelaide Centre, the first development built to achieve a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold Standard and the first major development in Toronto’s financial district in 17 years. Standing 51 stories tall, the 1.2-million-square-foot office tower adheres to strict building efficiency guidelines, including optimization of energy, light and water, and the use of local and recycled building materials. The tower is 73 percent leased.

Commenced the recladding of First Canadian Place, Toronto. Along with ownership partners, the company will thoroughly renovate Canada’s tallest office tower including a total recladding of the building’s exterior with laminated glass spandrel panels replacing the existing white marble. The project is seeking LEED Gold certification and is expected to be complete by the end of 2011.
Earned LEED Platinum certification at 1225 Connecticut Ave., Washington, D.C., the industry’s highest rating for environmental sustainability. It is the first redeveloped office building in the Eastern United States to achieve LEED Platinum certification. The building is 100% leased.

Announced early adoption of IFRS. One year ahead of the mandatory conversion date for Canadian public companies, Brookfield Properties intends to adopt International Financial Reporting Standards commencing with its interim financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2010; those financial statements will also include comparative results for the periods commencing January 1, 2009.

OUTLOOK
“During the third quarter we have noticed a sense of optimism that the economy may be at the early stages of a recovery which has positively impacted leasing activity,” stated Ric Clark, CEO of Brookfield Properties Corporation. “As real estate markets work toward recovery, we have taken additional steps to enhance Brookfield Properties’ liquidity position in order to strengthen our balance sheet and to be poised to capitalize on opportunities that may arise.”

10.06.2009

險資准入樓市

《大行報告》今年2月修定通過之新《保險法》明日(1日)生效,保險資金獲准投資「不動 產」。美林報告指,細則至10月底才公布,全城尤其關注險資准入樓市比例,而目前市場估計約8%-15%,但該行相信實際影響會低過市場預期,認為短期險 商不會向物業市場注入資金,反而會將部份固定資產歸類「投資資產」,釋放未確認收益,賬面值或內涵值有可能因而投升,平安信託及國 壽<02628.hk>有機會受惠,財險<02328.hk>得益最少。

而據中央財經大學保險學院教授郝演蘇估計,資金進入比例5%-8%,上限10%,按6月止保險業總資產3.71萬億人民幣計,即涉資近2000-3000億人民幣。

此外,新政策同時提高投保人權利,以新產品取替原有產品。美林表示,因險商停售舊產品前提價,故可帶動9月及10月份保費收入。(de/a)

In long run, this is good. Manulife has 4% of its total assets invested in Real Estate, I think China's life insurance companies will be about the same.

9.16.2009

瑞房重慶天地商廈招租

【明報專訊】瑞安房地產(0272)旗下重慶天地名為「嘉陵帆影‧國際經貿中心」商業部分的寫字樓開始接受洽租,租金參考重慶巿甲級商廈現時平均每平方米介乎60元至100元(人民幣‧下同)水平;該部分其中兩塊可建樓面合共40萬平方米的寫字樓用地,現有外資企業洽購。

瑞安房地產執行董事鄧嘉華表示,「嘉陵帆影‧國際經貿中心」由3幢寫字樓及一座商場組成,其中一幢包括內有酒店及寫字樓的塔樓,規劃高達468米,將成為中國西部最高的摩天大廈。

重慶瑞安天地房地產發展(商業)總經理莊培基表示,現時有部分美國保險及服務業有關的公司,洽租其中低座寫字樓介乎3000至逾4000平方米樓面。他期望寫字樓在2012年底入伙時可預租出約五成樓面,但其中最高一幢暫不推出。

住宅一期785伙售罄


該公司商務總監麥永隆表示,現有外資公司洽購其中兩塊可建樓面合共40萬平方米的寫字樓用地,但要求由瑞安興建,現時和對方就地價及建築成本等細節洽商中。

鄧嘉華表示,重慶天地住宅一期「雍江苑」785伙已售罄,銷售金額約共7億元,平均每平方米介乎7000元至逾1萬元;2期住宅提供1400伙,首批400伙預期令年底前以參考巿價為主推售。

9.10.2009

君臨天下

恆隆集團<00010.hk>與恆隆地 產<00101.hk>宣布,恆隆地產董事高伯遒斥資4085萬元,向港鐵<00066.hk>購入「君臨天下」1個單位。另 外,恆隆集團及恆隆地產董事袁偉良同時以4372萬元,向港鐵購入「君臨天下」1個單位。

兩項交易涉資8457萬元,恆隆地產預計錄得6200萬元收益,將用作一般營運資金。(da/w)

Bilibala comments:
HKG's real estate start to move upward, but only in the high end properties. Especially the ones on top of MTR station. This give an great opportunity for MTR to diversify its business into the low risk utility segment and high risk real estate market. Provide awesome return to its shareholders.

9.01.2009

Shiu On Land's new plan for next year

本报讯(记者/龚晶)近日,瑞安房地产有限公司公布今年首6个月未经审核的综合业绩,披露了佛山岭南天地项目的建设进展情况,记者从中获悉:岭南天地部分物业将于明年开售及招租,新广场及周边地块所建酒店式公寓及零售物业则有望2010年及2011年陆续交付使用。

  在建物业面积超23万平方米

  公告透露,目前佛山岭南天地项目在建项目的建筑面积达到23.2万平方米,其中住宅5.4万平方米,商铺8.6万平方米,酒店3.4万平方米,停车场5.8万平方米。

  瑞安表示,佛山岭南天地项目全部建成后可供出租及可供销售建筑总面积将达到140万平方米,其中办公建筑面积45万平方米,酒店建筑面积8万平方米,住宅63.6万平方米,零售物业19.6万平方米,停车场4.2万平方米。

  据悉,岭南天地位于D地块,拟建总建筑面积为5.2万平方米的服务式公寓及零售物业的建筑工程已经展开,预期于2010年及2011年分阶段完成。而邻近D地块主要为休憩空间及园景区的G地块(即三面围绕祖庙的区域),也将在相同时间内完成。记者注意到,公告显示,瑞安将于2010年交付使用2.5万平米建筑面积的物业,用途为零售物业,位于新广场附近区域。

  而岭南天地1号地块(即祖庙东侧商业街区部分)上,拟建设总建筑面积为6.8万平方米,集零售、商业及精品酒店于一体的综合项目,其建筑面积为2.4万平方米的一期工程,目前已经开工,预计在2011年分阶段完成。

  4号地块和14号地块(即优越百货东面、建新路以北的地带),计划建设总建筑面积达5.4万平方米的住宅物业,也已经开始施工,预计在2011年完成。

  物业销售收益增至20余亿元

  对于岭南天地项目的前景,瑞安认为,于2010年通车的佛山首条地铁线,在岭南天地将设有车站,令该项目与广州的交通往来更加方便,并使客源地域得以拓宽。而佛山是2010年广州亚运会的协办城市,届时当地的旅游业将会受惠,使佛山在国内外的知名度得以提高。

  瑞安在公告中透露,瑞安在佛山及大连市的项目将于明年开售及招租。

  据了解,截至2009年6月30日,今年首6个月瑞安房地产集团已签约售出的总建筑面积约12.24万平方米,扣除营业税后的物业销售收益增加至人民币20.21亿元。随着上半年市场气氛改善,瑞安大部分物业项目的销量大幅反弹。

  瑞安房地产主席兼行政总裁罗康瑞说:“瑞安房地产所涉足的城市,对国家发展肩负举足轻重的作用。上海将跃升为国际金融及航运中心,重庆为西南地区的经济重心,武汉则是华中地区的服务重镇。佛山将连同广州成为东南地区的经济中心,而大连则逐渐转型为迎合日韩市场的软件中心。”他表示,瑞安将继续与政府紧密合作,配合城市发展计划,令集团的项目成为当地的全新地标及焦点。

  另据透露,瑞安集团以75.1亿元收购祖庙东华里片区改造地块,其中截至今年6月30日已支付土地交易中心28.64亿元;余额46.46亿元将按照该地块的迁置进度分期支付。

  -相关

  瑞安有意引入合作伙伴开发项目

  记者从瑞安房地产获悉,建立策略伙伴仍然是瑞安房地产为加速项目发展中的重要一环。据介绍,瑞安继7月与Redevco(领德高)签署合作协议后,双方将于短期内展开武汉天地A1、A2及A3号地块的商务群组部分的工程。

  另外,瑞安还将继续在整体或分拆项目层面,寻找合适的策略合作伙伴共同开发项目。瑞安认为,此举将有助公司加快项目回报,分拨营运资金作其他项目发展,分散风险和提升公司的流动资金,同时集团亦能透过汲取合作伙伴的专长和技术,进一步加强公司旗下项目的日后发展。

  瑞安所操刀的佛山岭南天地项目规模庞大,其建设投入将远高于瑞安房地产所操刀的上海新天地项目(占地面积仅3万平方米,总建筑面积6万平方米)。岭南天地项目仅地价就要支付75.1亿元,其总投资之大可想而知的。此前,罗康瑞来禅时曾表示,有意引入优质的合作伙伴,不仅仅在资金上,也可能在其他方面开展合作。不过,瑞安表示,截至目前,佛山岭南天地项目尚没有明确、具体引进的合作伙伴。

8.27.2009

Shiu On Land 2q09 results

【明報專訊】新入帳規則下,瑞安翠湖天地嘉苑銷售未能在上半年入帳,受此影響,瑞安房地產(0272)今年上半年錄得純利8.1億元,按年減少42.5%,每股盈利18仙,按年減少42%,派中期股息1仙,按年大減85.7%。另外,若不計重估投資物業及調整衍生金融工具公平值的影響,公司上半年溢利僅9500萬元人民幣,按年倒退91%。

截 至今年7月底,瑞安售樓合約收入共30.65億元,銷售面積14.8萬平方米。其中,首6個月售樓合約收入20.2億元,面積12.2萬平方米,而10億 元已在上半年入帳。09年上半年,瑞安營業額按年增加18%至15億元,物業銷售按年增長22%至11.4億元。董事總經理兼財務總裁尹焰強表示,上半年 所簽未入帳合約都將在今年內入帳。

毛利率大跌35個百分點

此外,瑞安主席兼行政總裁羅康瑞解釋,上半年毛利率大跌35.6%,主要是因為除上海以外地區的項目毛利率偏低。尹焰強表示,下半年,嘉苑入賬後,毛利率可改善。

羅康瑞表示,公司將推出3年計劃,爭取2012年後,每年完工面積可達到100萬平方米,去年完工面積僅26萬平方米。此外,羅康瑞希望,2年後能在公司內部選出合適的人選出任行政總裁,自己不用每件事情都作決定,但仍會留任主席一職。

8.17.2009

Shui On Land's warning on 2q09 results

瑞安房地產(00272-HK)周二公布,預期集團截至二零零九年六月三十日止六個月的溢利與二零零八年同期比較可能明顯下調。下調主要由於下列原因︰

1. 根據國際財務報告準則的要求,采用「房地產建造協議」的會計處理新詮釋,更改物業出售的收入入賬時間;

2. 與二零零八年同期比較,並無出售附屬公司權益的收益。

更多精彩內容,請登錄財華網(http://www.caihuanet.com)


Bilibala comments
Shui On Land stock price fall from recent peak $5.71 in 06/03/09 to $4.56 or 20.1% today.
We all know company's sales, revenue and profit did great in 1H09, if profit down only due to timing different on change in accounting policy and prior year non-recurring gain on sales of non-core business. I will say that it should have no impact to Shui On Land's fair value calculation.

http://www.wenweipo.com [2009-08-14]
【本報訊】(記者 梁悅琴)香港及內地樓市同樣熾熱,瑞安房地產於本周六香港及上海同步以先到先得方式推售「翠湖天地第三期嘉苑」之第9座合共93伙,單位面積介乎89至 135平方米,分1房及2房,意向價8萬元1平方米,入場費逾600萬元,瑞安房地產提供一條龍尊貴售前及售後服務,由簽約、貸款、以至買賣交易均可在香 港完成,並有售後資產管理服務,全面協助業主租賃單位、收取租金。

意向每米8萬 按息2.9厘

 瑞安房地產市場及銷售部(住宅)副總經理戴亞倫指出,現時已有工銀亞洲及恒生銀行為香港買家提供按揭服務,全期2.9厘。同時亦會提供一系列創新獨特的五星級酒店式服務,如衣物代洗、水電維修、傢具選購、生活物品代購服務、房車接送及預定餐廳等。

 「翠湖天地第三期嘉苑」第9座合共93伙,樓高29層,其中1房佔25間,實用率達80%,預計於 明年12月入伙,估計全部沽清可套現8億至9億元人民幣。他表示,翠湖天地嘉苑於過去兩個月的銷售情況中,香港買家佔整體比例約50%,其中第11座之買 家90%均為香港人。

 「翠湖天地嘉苑」位於上海市中心盧灣區,鄰近有上海蘭桂坊之稱的新天地,自去年首度推出以來,現 累售逾320多個單位,訂價每平方呎7,000至14,800元,其中項目之第1座及第2座更錄得最高成交呎價,達至每平方呎14,800港元。於本年舉 行的香港展銷會中,第11及12座的銷售情況更加凌厲,第11座在香港展銷會中迅速售罄,發展商不得不加推上海保留單位;第12座則於短短兩小時內火速售 罄所有單位。

 「翠湖天地嘉苑」設有11幢住宅,提供474個單位,標準面積由89至427平方米 (956至4594平方呎),至於中小型單位豪宅,適合年輕富豪居住。


http://www.wenweipo.com [2009-08-18]
【本報訊】(記者 梁悅琴)瑞安房地產於上海市的頂級豪宅「翠湖天地嘉苑」,於上周末 (8月15日及16日)於上海及香港兩地,同步推出「翠湖天地嘉苑」第9座之93個單位,推售兩天已火速售出78伙,套現總額高達6.7億人民幣。

套6.7億 呎價6717元

 是次推出之第9座樓宇,樓高29層,提供93伙之住宅單位,採一梯兩伙設計,面積由90平方米 (970平方呎)至135平方米 (1458平方呎) 不等,住宅單位全為一至兩房、兩廳間隔,實用率超逾九成,建築用料高級精緻為全滬罕見。平均呎價約人民幣6,717元,較第11座及12座高出7%。買家 中四成為內地買家、五成為香港、其餘一成則為海外人士,買家主要來自跨國企業及本地高層行政人員,當中用家佔了七成,整體銷情表現理想。

 瑞安房地產市場及銷售部(住宅)副總經理戴亞倫表示,近期經濟回穩,樓市興旺,有助帶動是次展銷會參觀人流,人數累積逾千人。展銷會首天,已極速售罄66伙,其中一房的標準單位已沽清,不少買家購入單位作長線收租投資,證明「翠湖天地嘉苑」投資潛力優厚。

Bilibala comments:

See!! Another strong sales.


8.12.2009

New house prices declined in June

New home prices across the country fell 0.2 per cent on a month-to-month basis in June after a 0.1 per cent decline in May, Statistics Canada revealed Wednesday.

In June, the agency's new housing price index was down 3.3 per cent from its level in June 2008, with the largest declines registered in Western Canada.

The largest monthly drop, of 0.9 per cent, was in Vancouver, where some builders lowered their prices to stimulate sales and sell off their houses in inventory, while others offered free upgrades and cash incentives. A small number of builders did increase their prices on some popular models that were selling well.

Next to Vancouver, the largest monthly declines were in Edmonton (0.8 per cent) and Victoria (0.5 per cent).

The largest monthly increase in new housing prices was the 0.5 per cent increase recorded in Saskatoon, followed by 0.4 per cent increases in both Winnipeg and St. John's.

Montreal, Ottawa–Gatineau and Hamilton saw monthly increases of 0.1 per cent.

On an annual basis, 12-month declines were recorded in Edmonton (11.7 per cent), Saskatoon (10.4 per cent), and Calgary, at 8 per cent.

At 9.1 per cent and 7 per cent, respectively, Vancouver and Victoria also posted year-over-year declines.

The decreases in these five Western Canadian cities follow a period of significant highs in the new housing price indexes at the end of 2007 and the beginning of 2008, when strong economic conditions and high demand for new housing pushed up contractors' selling prices.

Continued strength in the economy in St. John's led to an annual increase of 10.3 per cent, the agency said. That was the highest annual increase in the country.

In Quebec City, the 12-month growth rate was 6.8 per cent, while in Montreal, prices increased 1.9 per cent.

Compared with June 2008, contractors' selling prices were 3.6 per cent higher in Saint John, Fredericton and Moncton.

At 3.5 per cent and 1.7 per cent, respectively, Regina and Winnipeg also posted increases.

Bilibala comments:

New home price do not look impressive, as unemployment rate stay high and oil price keep low, the rally for home price may not happen.

6.24.2009

Outlook on Real Estate in China

DJ 市場快訊﹕中國政府的政策將繼續有利於房地產發展商 - DBS

香港時間1148(道瓊斯)--DBS稱﹐中國5月份房地產價格的上漲速度快於預期(一線城市的部分房地產項目的價格在過去5個月中上漲了20%以上)﹐這是受逐漸釋放的住房升級和投資需求推動。雖然最新的價格漲勢已經引發政府的關注﹐但該行認為﹐政策不大可能發生變化。該行預計﹐為了提振經濟﹐政府的政策將繼續有利於房地產發展商。補充說﹐該行追蹤的大部分地產股當前的估值尚未完全反映潛在的價格上漲因素。推薦瑞安房地產(0272.HK)﹐因其面向上海市場的業務較多﹐還有華潤置地(1109.HK)﹐因其增長前景強勁。瑞安房地產現跌2.0%﹐至4.78港元﹐華潤置地下跌0.5%﹐至15.84港元。(延遲一個小時發送) -0- 版權所有(c)2009道瓊斯公司

Bilibala's comments:
China's real estate has good potential, on the other hand, it also include risk such as lots of sepculative trading, too many undevelop lands to push the price down, competition between many property developers, plus it is hard to estimate the market value of one particilar land/building.
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